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[edit] Please Note

This page addresses the new region module mechanism, which has been in place since at least OpenSimulator 0.6.9. For an older version of this page that references the older IRegionModule mechanisms, please see http://opensimulator.org/index.php?title=IRegionModule&oldid=13166

See Related Software for links to existing region modules.

[edit] Introduction

Region modules are classes that implement OpenSimulator's INonSharedRegionModule or ISharedRegionModule interfaces. .NET DLLs containing these classes can then be placed in OpenSimulator's binary directory (bin/). On startup, OpenSimulator scans this directory and loads any modules found within DLLs there.

Region modules execute within the heart of the simulator and have access to all of its facilities. This makes them very powerful but also means that extra care needs to be taken when creating them in order to make sure that they do not have an adverse effect on simulator performance.

Typically, region modules register methods with the simulator's event manager to be called when various events occur (e.g. avatar chat, user entering a region, etc.).

There are two types of region module.

• Non-shared modules where a separate module is created for each region/scene
• Shared region modules, where a single module is shared between all regions/scenes running on the same simulator.

[edit] Building Region Modules

[edit] From Scratch

At this time, region modules are typically built within the OpenSimulator source tree itself, using its build mechanisms. The steps are as follows

1. Navigate to the addon-modules/ directory in the base of the OpenSimulator source tree (not the bin/addon-modules/ directory in the bin tree that we will talk about in a bit).

2. Create a directory for the region module project, typically with the same name as the region module. For example BareBonesNonSharedModule/

3. Create a prebuild.xml for the project. This is the file used by ./runprebuild.sh or ./runprebuild.bat in the base OpenSimulator directory to create the appropriate build files for Visual Studio, Monodevelop and nant. For a very basic module, you would have something like

<Project frameworkVersion="v4_6" name="BareBonesNonSharedModule" path="addon-modules/BareBonesNonSharedModule/src/BareBonesNonSharedModule" type="Library">
  <Configuration name="Debug">
    <Options>
      <OutputPath>../../../../bin</OutputPath>
    </Options>
  </Configuration>
  <Configuration name="Release">
    <Options>
      <OutputPath>../../../../bin</OutputPath>
    </Options>
  </Configuration>
 
  <ReferencePath>../../../../bin</ReferencePath>
  <Reference name="System"/>
  <Reference name="log4net"/>
  <Reference name="Mono.Addins"/>
  <Reference name="Nini"/>
  <Reference name="OpenMetaverse"/>
  <Reference name="OpenMetaverseTypes"/>
  <Reference name="OpenSim.Framework"/>
  <Reference name="OpenSim.Region.Framework"/>
  <Reference name="OpenSim.Services.Interfaces"/>
 
  <Files>
    <Match pattern="*.cs" recurse="true">
      <Exclude name="obj" pattern="obj"/>
    </Match>
    <Match path="Resources" pattern="*.*" buildAction="EmbeddedResource"/>
  </Files>
</Project>

There are a number of things to note about this file

• The frameworkVersion should match the opensim one. See its setting in main opensim prebuild.xml file
• The path attribute in <Project> needs to point to the location in the addon-modules directory where your source code is located. This directory is relative to the root OpenSimulator path. In the example above, the code is in addon-modules/BareBonesNonSharedModule/src/BareBonesNonSharedModule.
• The <OutputPath> tags specify where your compiled module DLL is copied after it's built. This is relative to the location of your source code as specified in the path attribute of <Project>. In most cases, you want this to be placed in the OpenSimulator bin/ directory with the rest of the DLLs. Do not place this in the bin/addon-modules directory - confusingly this is for addon-module configuration files (*.ini) only.
• The <ReferencePath> value specify where the module project can find the DLLs that it needs to reference (OpenSimulator.Framework.dll, log4net.dll, etc.).
• Each library that you reference in your modules needs a <Reference> tag. The example above lists libraries such as OpenSim.Framework.dll and OpenMetaverse.
• For more examples you can look in the main prebuild.xml file in the root of the OpenSimulator source tree. Please note that the example above is streamlined compared to many of the entries there - the main file needs to be simplified at some stage sine there is a lot of redundancy (e.g. path does not need to be specified in each <Reference> if this is already given by a <ReferencePath>).

4. Navigate back to the OpenSimulator root directory and run ./runprebuild.sh (Linux, Mac OSX) or ./runprebuild.bat (Windows). In the resulting output, near the top you should see the line

searchDirectory: addon-modules/BareBonesNonSharedModule

or similar. Now, if you are using an IDE such as Visual Studio or MonoDevelop, you should now be able to reload the OpenSim.sln solution and see your project within the source tree.

If anything goes wrong, look carefully at the output for runprebuild.sh/.bat. You may see messages such as

[!] Could not resolve Solution path: addon-modules/BareBonesNonSharedModule/src/BareBonesNonSharedModule

which indicate that your prebuild.xml file for that module is not correctly picking up the source folder.

5. Add or edit module files in your project as required.

6. Re-run runprebuild.sh if you have added any new files to your module.

7. Build OpenSim.sln using your usual build method, whether that's within the IDE or on the command line with xbuild (mono) or nant.

8. If compilation succeeds, the build process will copy the binary into the OpenSimulator bin/ directory. When you next restart OpenSimulator, it should be loaded into the simulator and appear in the output for the "show modules" console command.

[edit] From existing module code

If you are looking to build a region module that already exists, the steps are a little simpler.

1. Place the module code inside the base OpenSimulator addon-modules directory. For example, if you are looking to compile a module called EventRecorderModule, then this will be situated at addon-modules/EventRecorderModule. Please be aware that the name of the module must match the patch in the prebuild.xml file (in this example, the file is EventRecorderModule/prebuild.xml).

2. As above, re-run prebuild.sh/prebuild.bat. This is to insert the module into the OpenSimulator build solution (OpenSim.sln).

3. You can now compile the module with Visual Studio, MonoDeveloper, xbuild or nant.

4. On the next startup of OpenSimulator, the module should be loaded (the prebuild.xml places the built module within OpenSimulator's bin/).

[edit] Installing Region Modules

If you are just installing an existing region module DLL rather than building it from source then you will need to

1. Copy the DLL and any other associated files into $OPENSIM_BASE/bin

2. In most cases configure the module, either by adding the required section to OpenSim.ini, adding it as bin/addon-modules/MyModule/config/config.ini or by explicitly including the module's configuration file.

[edit] Region Module Interfaces

All region modules must implement INonSharedRegionModule or ISharedRegionModule from OpenSim.Region.Framework.Interfaces. If a region module implements INonSharedRegionModule then an instance of that module is created for each region (aka scene) in the simulator. Each module only knows about its own region. If a region module implements ISharedRegionModule then only a single instance of the module exists and it is informed about all regions/scenes in the simulators.

Both INonSharedRegionModule and ISharedRegionModule extend IRegionModuleBase which implements the bulk of the interface methods. These are as follows.

public interface IRegionModuleBase
{
     string Name { get; }
     Type ReplaceableInterface { get; }
     void Initialise(IConfigSource source);
     void AddRegion(Scene scene);
     void RemoveRegion(Scene scene);
     void RegionLoaded(Scene scene);
     void Close();
}

INonSharedRegionModule itself contains no methods, being defined simply as

public interface INonSharedRegionModule : IRegionModuleBase
{
}

ISharedRegionModule has one additional method.

public interface ISharedRegionModule : IRegionModuleBase
{
    void PostInitialise();
}

[edit] Example Region Module

This example assumes that you are using the file already in the OpenSimulator source tree (from 0.7.1 onwards) at OpenSim/Region/OptionalModules/Example/BareBonesNonShared/BareBonesNonSharedModule.cs. There's also a bare bones shared module example there. To build this as a separate project, please see the instructions above.

BareBonesNonShareadModule is very basic. It does nothing more than log calls made to IRegionModule methods in the process of activating the module.

In the source tree, the [Extension... attribute line is commented. You can uncomment this, rebuild OpenSimulator and start it to see the module in action.

using System;
using System.Reflection;
using log4net;
using Mono.Addins;
using Nini.Config;
using OpenSim.Region.Framework.Interfaces;
using OpenSim.Region.Framework.Scenes;
 
[assembly: Addin("BareBonesNonSharedModule", "0.1")]
[assembly: AddinDependency("OpenSim", "0.5")]
 
namespace OpenSim.Region.OptionalModules.Example.BareBonesNonShared
{
    /// <summary>
    /// Simplest possible example of a non-shared region module.
    /// </summary>
    /// <remarks>
    /// This module is the simplest possible example of a non-shared region module (a module where each scene/region
    /// in the simulator has its own copy).
    ///
    /// When the module is enabled it will print messages when it receives certain events to the screen and the log
    /// file.
    /// </remarks>
    [Extension(Path = "/OpenSim/RegionModules", NodeName = "RegionModule", Id = "BareBonesNonSharedModule")]
    public class BareBonesNonSharedModule : INonSharedRegionModule
    {
        private static readonly ILog m_log = LogManager.GetLogger(MethodBase.GetCurrentMethod().DeclaringType);
 
        public string Name { get { return "Bare Bones Non Shared Module"; } }        
 
        public Type ReplaceableInterface { get { return null; } }
 
        public void Initialise(IConfigSource source)
        {
            m_log.DebugFormat("[BARE BONES]: INITIALIZED MODULE");
        }
 
        public void Close()
        {
            m_log.DebugFormat("[BARE BONES]: CLOSED MODULE");
        }
 
        public void AddRegion(Scene scene)
        {
            m_log.DebugFormat("[BARE BONES]: REGION {0} ADDED", scene.RegionInfo.RegionName);
        }
 
        public void RemoveRegion(Scene scene)
        {
            m_log.DebugFormat("[BARE BONES]: REGION {0} REMOVED", scene.RegionInfo.RegionName);
        }        
 
        public void RegionLoaded(Scene scene)
        {
            m_log.DebugFormat("[BARE BONES]: REGION {0} LOADED", scene.RegionInfo.RegionName);
        }                
    }
}

[edit] Enabling the module

Creating the module code itself isn't quite enough to enable it. To do that, we need to make it visible to OpenSimulator's module mechanism (which is currently Mono.Addins).

This is done by adding an Extension attribute to the class, for example.

[Extension(Path = "/OpenSim/RegionModules", NodeName = "RegionModule", Id = "BareBonesNonSharedModule")]

The important part here is the "Path" section "/OpenSim/RegionModules" - this is how OpenSimulator retrieves modules from Mono.Addins. The Id can be anything meaningful to the module.

Newer Mono versions also need this kind of section before the namespace declaration:

[assembly: Addin("BareBonesNonSharedModule", "0.1")]
[assembly: AddinDependency("OpenSim", "0.5")]

At the beginning of your module source code file you need to add this line:

using Mono.Addins;

And prebuild.xml needs to include such a line for newer Mono versions:

<Reference name="Mono.Addins.dll"/>

[edit] Integrating with OpenSimulator

NOTE: This section is very incomplete and parts are out of date. If you need to know something, please ask on the OpenSimulator mailing lists where we can both answer the question and add the necessary documentation here.

However, please note that OpenSimulator is a very young project and the internal interfaces can change at short notice. If this happens, it is up to you to keep your module up to date with later versions of OpenSimulator.

[edit] Accessible Objects

In the AddRegion routine you get access to the scene object for the region, from here you can spider down into the scene and get access to many other objects of interest.

• scene.GetEntities() - returns a list of all the Entities in the environment. This will be a combined list of SceneObjectGroups (prim sets) and ScenePresences (avatars).
• scene.GetAvatars() - get only the avatars in the scene (very handy for sending messages to clients)
• scene.EventManager - this is the object from which you can register callbacks for scene events. Some examples provided below.
• scene.RegionInfo - properties about the region

[edit] Events

Various occurrences in OpenSimulator (e.g. avatar entering a region, chat) have event hooks to which a module can subscribe. The major sets of events are available from Scene.EventManager.

In many cases, you want to do as little work as possible in the thread that fires the event as many coming from time-critical areas in the OpenSimulator code (e.g. within main scene frame processing) or areas where a holdup will cause other disruption (e.g. events which notify that a root agent has arrived).

These events are somewhat rough and ready because they were originally created for internal OpenSimulator use and by default modules started to use them. Thus, there is inconsistency with names, arguments and the events exposed. Please be prepared for all of these to change over time or be superseded by more appropriate events.

[edit] Registering for events

Taking the SunModule as an example we can see the following code:

In Initialise():

...
m_scene.EventManager.OnFrame += SunUpdate;
...

Pretty simple, we just got the EventManager and registered the SunUpdate method as a callback for the OnFrame event. OnFrame is triggered every time there is a render frame in Opensim, which is about 20 times per second. So in this particular case, you want to be very careful about the actions you perform in this event as they will have a direct impact on scene loop performance (where taking a long time will result in symptoms of lag for moving avatars, etc.).

Here's the function itself

public void SunUpdate()
{
    // this code just means only do this on every 1000th frame, and don't do it if the sun is in a fixed possition
    if (((m_frame++%m_frame_mod) != 0) || !ready || sunFixed)
    {
        return;
    }
 
    GenSunPos();        // Generate shared values once
 
    List<ScenePresence> avatars = m_scene.GetAvatars();
    foreach (ScenePresence avatar in avatars)
    {
        if (!avatar.IsChildAgent)
            avatar.ControllingClient.SendSunPos(Position, Velocity, CurrentTime, SecondsPerSunCycle, SecondsPerYear, OrbitalPosition);
    }
 
    // set estate settings for region access to sun position
    m_scene.RegionInfo.RegionSettings.SunVector = Position;
}

SunUpdate() takes no parameter (some events may require them). It only fires every 1000th frame by default (m_frame_mod = 1000 in this module), so it doesn't take too many cycles.

In order for the sun position to change for the clients, they need to be told that it changes. This is done by getting a list of all the Avatars from the scene, then sending the Sun Position to each of them in turn. Moreover, you only want to do this for root agents (agents that actually have an attached avatar that can move around, etc.). Updates sent to child agents (which allow viewers to see into neighbouring regions) will simply be ignored.

[edit] Available Events

Here is an extremely incomplete list of available events (which hopefully should be filled out as time goes by). For more details, please see the OpenSimulator code itself. Please also note that OpenSimulator is still in development. Event parameters and names may change over time.

In the table below, the delay columns signal whether a delay in processing the event is likely to disrupt the simulator as a whole and/or the entity (e.g. a user) in question. However, please be aware that even if there is no immediate disruption from delaying one event thread, delaying many will eventually cause simulator wide problems as the threadpool is exhausted.

[edit] In OpenSim.Region.Framework.Scenes.EventManager

[edit] Where to go from here

• Getting Started with Region Modules -- the Hello World of OpenSimulator application development. Rather old by now but still worth a look.
• http://bluewallvirtual.com/example_region_module - More shared region module example code by Bluewall.
• Development discussion of the current region module mechanism
• Read the source for existing opensim core modules. These are in the OpenSim.Region.CoreModules and OpenSim.Region.OptionalModules projects. Looking through this code is an extremely good way to find out what region modules can do and how they can do it.
• Read the source code for the EventManager class in the OpenSim.Region.Framework.Scenes project. These list the many events that exist. Some modules may also export their own events (e.g. OnInventoryArchiveSaved in the InventoryArchiverModule at OpenSim/Region/CoreModules/Avatar/Inventory/Archiver/).
• Help write some examples here. OpenSimulator grows with your contributions.

See also: Child Agent Establishment