Network Settings

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OpenSim/Grid can be pretty tricky when it comes to setting it up on a private network this document covers what OpenSim needs in terms of network resources.

Contents

Ports used by OpenSim

Grid

  • TCP/8000 - Reserved
  • TCP/8001 - Grid Server - Regions and other grid services talk to this
  • TCP/8002 - User Server and Login Services - Clients, Regions, and other grid services talk to this
  • TCP/8003 - Asset Services - Regions and other grid services talk to this
  • TCP/8004 - Inventory Services - Regions and other grid services talk to this
  • TCP/8005 - Reserved (Dispatch Services)
  • TCP/8006 - Messaging Server

* TCP/8895 - no longer needed for region to region communications

These ports must be open on any box running a simulator that attaches to a grid:

  • UDP+TCP/9000 - Default First Simulator - grid, regions, and clients talk to these
  • UDP+TCP/9001 - Default Second Simulator - grid, regions, and clients talk to these
  • UDP+TCP/900x - Each next simulator...

* TCP/8895 - no longer needed for region to region communications

StandAlone

  • UDP+TCP/9000 - Everything runs on this port

Initial setup

  • Check your /bin/Regions/default.xml

It shows something like this:

<Config sim_UUID="1e988108-76ec-45db-b89e-4ba98905681c" sim_name="mysimname" sim_location_x="1000" sim_location_y="1000" 
internal_ip_address="192.168.2.101" internal_ip_port="9000" allow_alternate_ports="false" 
external_host_name="82.73.39.77" master_avatar_uuid="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000" 
estate_covanant_uuid="00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000" 
master_avatar_first="test" master_avatar_last="user" master_avatar_pass="******" />
  • Retrieve your external_host_name
  • Get your internal_ip_address (ipconfig for windows, or ifconfig for linux)
  • Make sure the settings match

If you have a router in front of your internet-modem, check out NAT and Port Forwarding. Else you're good to go.

NAT and Port Forwarding

Straightforward

If your host does not have a public IP address (eg it is hidden behind a home router) you will have issues hosting grid and region servers if you plan on connecting clients to it on both sides of the router, however this can be worked around through the use of port forwarding and ip-redirecting.This will also correct issues where the client hangs at region handshake.

  • Set internal_ip_address to your local LAN-ip(e.g. 192.168.2.1) (region xml-file)
  • Set the external_host_name to your external IP-Address (Not a hostname, since DNS-resolving doesn't work properly) (region xml-file)
  • Forward the appropriate ports to the OpenSim-server on both UDP and TCP (router-setup)
  • Open appropriate ports on the OpenSim-server's firewall on both UDP and TCP
  • Reroute traffic for Linux:
    • iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT --dst EXTERNAL_IP -p tcp --dport 9000:9010 -j DNAT --to-destination INTERNAL_IP
    • iptables -t nat -A OUTPUT --dst EXTERNAL_IP -p udp --dport 9000:9010 -j DNAT --to-destination INTERNAL_IP
    • service iptables restart

Those iptables lines will redirect any traffic going to EXTERNAL_IP on ports 9000 to 9010 to INTERNAL_IP. The internal ip is the LAN-IP of your server, and External ip is your internet IP. Use the above iptables command on all internal machines except your gateway/router. This assumes your gateway/router machine does not also host your sim. This also assume you have a default ACCEPT policy on your internal machines. So to connect from within your LAN, use the above iptables commands to reroute the traffic to the server internal ip.

  • Reroute traffic for Windows:
    • netsh (this method needs experimentation and elaboration. Please see the Discussion page for some guesswork on where to start)
      • note from paulieFlomar: I tried using Windows built-in tools like FireWall, netsh, and IP Security Policy. My experience with these tools was unsuccessful. I then tried to create an outgoing rule with some third-party firewall products. I tried ZoneAlarm and Sunbelt Firewall. Neither of these products would allow me to create outgoing rules. Finally, I tried creating an outgoing rule in my Linux IP Tables firewall. This worked. I created 2 rules which I placed in a firewall script, before my NAT rule. The rules were:

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING --dst EXTERNAL_IP -p tcp --dport 9000:9010 -j DNAT --to-destination INTERNAL_IP

iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING --dst EXTERNAL_IP -p udp --dport 9000:9010 -j DNAT --to-destination INTERNAL_IP

These rules worked. I can now access my region from my LAN.

Optional:

  • Register an external domain-name (for external connections)
  • Use Bind for internal domain-name resolving

DynDNS loopback

This method was used and successfully tested using www.dyndns.com (creates a virtual domain for your pc/ip, like yourcomputer.ath.cx) as loopback for devices on a LAN with three machines (pentium 2.8ghz running windows xp - internet server , amd opteron running ubuntu 7.10 64bit - as opensim server - and MacBook with OSX 10.4.11 - as client), a modem (thomson/alcatel speedtouch 330) and a mini-switch (which brand no one ever heard of). The connection of these machines is made as following: Modem -> Win Pc -> Switch -> Mac and Ubuntu. Dyndns is used to loopback to the Win Pc, and then it forwards the request to the internal LAN opensim server, which grants everything for the client. As for the client, if he is inside the private LAN then he is now actually someone on the internet requesting for access to the opensim server. Thus, if the client is someone on the internet then he will be treated like that. Tricky ? Further details ahead:

Method:

  • Set the simulator listening IP address to your dyndns domain - edit opensim/bin/Regions/default.xml; and change the external_host_name to external_host_name="yourcomputer.ath.cx". Leave internal_ip_address "0.0.0.0" and port "9000".
  • Set the client (SecondLife Viewer) -loginuri to "yourcomputer.ath.cx:8002" (the port used was 8002, yours can be different if you configured it that way) - i didnt used the -loginserver flag also.
  • Port Forward the above ports on the internet server (in this case, win xp). You do so by creating exceptions in Windows Firewall for the above mentioned ports, and for both connections: Internet Connection and LAN - this keeps the ports open for the web requests to travel over the private network.
  • Edit "hosts" file (on windows, this is C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts and on Unix-type systems, this is /etc/hosts) entry on your internet server (in this case, win xp box) and add the following line: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx     yourcomputer.ath.cx. Of course, xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx is your opensim server internal LAN IP.

yourcomputer.ath.cx is now available for everyone to connect and you may login with the client!


DynDNS and the free IPCop Linux Firewall

Here an other way with the IPCop Linux Firewall, DynDNS and a OpenSimulator server

  • Setup an IPCop firewall with 3 interfaces (red, green, orange) and put the OpenSimulator server on the orange interface (all OpenSimulator server's on one Linux box). Red is the internet, green is your lan.
  • Setup the DynDNS service on the IPCop Firewall.
  • change the external_host_name in the default.xml to the DynDNS name
  • do'nt change the internal_ip_address in the default.XML, it should be 0.0.0.0
  • if there, delete all loopbacks in /etc/hosts only 127.0.0.1 should be localhost
  • customize the Port Forwarding on the IPCop Firewall (8002 TCP, 9000 UDP/TCP and for every additonal region 900X UDP/TCP). Port forwarding should be set to the (orange) interface adress of the OpenSimulator Box

Then it should be possible to conenct from inside the LAN (green) and it is also possible to conenct from the internet (over the red interface). (well, the inside-lan connections are also made now over the RED interface, but infact, this is in the same ISP network, it should be quit fast ;-)

  • Attention : the ports on the IPCop Firewall must also be open if you connect from inside (green) to your OpenSimulator Grid !

If you are using the OS WebGui, do'nt forget to set the "SMTP AUTH" in your email server. Most of the dynamic IPs are blocked at ISP level so the new users do'nt get any confirmation email.

This was tested with the Hippo OpenSim Viewer and with the Login URL : http://DynDNSName:8002


Local connections with ZyXEL DSL modem/router and NAT/Port Forwarding

This solution works with the ZyXEL Prestige 660ME-61 DSL Router. It may work with other models made by ZyXEL.

Method:

  • Connect by TELNET to your ZyXEL DSL modem. Use the same IP address that you would if you were using the web interface. For example, the default ip on most Embarq ZyXEL DSL modems is 192.168.2.1.
telnet 192.168.2.1
  • Enter your password. If you do not know it, try just pressing <ENTER> or ask your ISP for the password. They may or may not give it to you.
  • Select menu option "24. System Maintenance" from the menu.
                   Copyright (c) 1994 - 2004 ZyXEL Communications Corp.
                             Prestige 660ME-61 Main Menu
    Getting Started                      Advanced Management
      1. General Setup                     21. Filter Set Configuration
      2. WAN Backup Setup                  22. SNMP Configuration
      3. LAN Setup                         23. System Password
      4. Internet Access Setup             24. System Maintenance
                                           25. IP Routing Policy Setup
    Advanced Applications                  26. Schedule Setup
      11. Remote Node Setup
      12. Static Routing Setup
      15. NAT Setup                        99. Exit
                         Enter Menu Selection Number:


  • Select menu option "8. Command Interpreter Mode" from the menu
                         Menu 24 - System Maintenance
                        1.  System Status
                        2.  System Information and Console Port Speed
                        3.  Log and Trace
                        4.  Diagnostic
                        5.  Backup Configuration
                        6.  Restore Configuration
                        7.  Upload Firmware
                        8.  Command Interpreter Mode
                        9.  Call Control
                        10. Time and Date Setting
                        11. Remote Management
                         Enter Menu Selection Number:
  • At the prompt type "ip nat loopback on".
Copyright (c) 1994 - 2004 ZyXEL Communications Corp.
Sprint > ip nat loopback on 
  • At the prompt type "exit".
Sprint> exit
  • Select menu option "99. Exit"
  • Follow all other steps for configuring and starting your server as outlined in Getting Started.


Local connections with the DLink GamerLounge Extreme N router

Networking and router configurations have been responsible for 98% of all trouble I have had setting up and operating OpenSimulator region server software. Insuring that you have a capable router properly configured should be the first thing on the list of configuration checkpoints for a smooth and trouble-free path to OpenSimulator software operations in GridMode.

Below is a series of screen snapshots with the key pages of my router configuration interface with proper settings displayed.

The settings below assume that you have an otherwise working connection and do not touch on such subjects as port conflicts or logging your network onto your ISP's provider network.

1.Status
2.Advanced > Gaming
3.Routing
4.firewall
5.Advanced network settings
  • provided that all information supplied in ~opensim/bin/OpenSim.ini and in your ~opensim/Regions/*.xml are properly configured, this should have you up and running.


===Local and Internet connections with Linux iptables and NAT/Port Forwarding=== Please don't copy this verbatim - much more should go into a firewall setup, but this will at a bare minimum get NAT working with forwarding to your OpenSim server from both inside and outside your LAN.

Example firewall.sh script:
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/netfilter/nf_conntrack_tcp_be_liberal
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept_redirects
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept_source_route
echo 0 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/send_redirects
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/log_martians
echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/rp_filter
modprobe nf_conntrack_ftp
modprobe nf_nat_ftp
 
INT = "eth0" # your internal network card on the firewall
EXT = "eth1" # Your external network card on the firewall
IPTABLES = "/sbin/iptables" # Path to your iptables executable
 
OPENSIMEXT = "66.102.1.103/32" # Example external IP - replace with yours
OPENSIMINT = "192.168.1.240/32" # Internal IP of your OpenSim server
INTSUBNET = "192.168.1.0/24" # Your internal subnet range
 
# Flush rules when we are restarting the script
$IPTABLES -F
$IPTABLES -F -t nat
$IPTABLES -F -t mangle
 
# Set up sane defaults
$IPTABLES -P INPUT DROP
$IPTABLES -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
$IPTABLES -P FORWARD DROP
 
# Allow all connections from inside the network to the firewall on all ports
$IPTABLES -A INPUT -i $INT -j ACCEPT
# Allow all outbound connections from the inside. Much better to limit this...
$IPTABLES -A FORWARD -o $EXT -j ACCEPT
 
# Configure basic NAT
$IPTABLES -A FORWARD -i $EXT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT
$IPTABLES -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $EXT -j SNAT --to-source $OUTNAT
 
# Configure forwarding for OpenSim (you need to add ports if you are not running in standalone
# or if you are running more than one region)
$IPTABLES -A PREROUTING -p tcp -d $OPENSIMEXT --dport 9000 -j DNAT --to-destination $OPENSIMINT
$IPTABLES -A PREROUTING -p udp -d $OPENSIMEXT --dport 9000 -j DNAT --to-destination $OPENSIMINT
 
# Now for the magical juice that lets inside users and outside users both access your server
# Configure to allow internal network users to access the OpenSim server using the 
# external IP address. This fixes failing to connect to regions over UDP due to NAT config
# Make sure you configure the proper external IP for each of your regions
$IPTABLES -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $INT -s $INTSUBNET -d $OPENSIMEXT -j DNAT --to-destination $OPENSIMINT
$IPTABLES -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o $INT -s $INTSUBNET -d $OPENSIMINT -j DNAT --to-source $OPENSIMEXT


NOTE: Contrary to what is displayed above, DHCP services are not required to operate OpenSimulator server software.


NAT LoopBack Routers Listings

opensimulator.org/wiki/NAT_Loopback_Routers

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